Mishpatim

With 53 laws in total, Mishpatim covers a lot of ground. These laws address topics from loans to treatment of strangers, as well as the weekly Sabbath, sabbatical years, holidays, and more. But when did these laws become normative practice? 

ARTICLE  Judaism Without Sinai? by David Frankel

The Sinai theophany is virtually absent from the Bible outside of the Torah and the very late book of Nehemiah. This absence reflects an alternative tradition that sees Israel’s laws as deriving from multiple small revelations from prophets throughout history.

VIDEO   The Evolution of Law in the Bible. Lecture By Benjamin D. Sommer

BOOK REVIEW   When did Jews begin to observe Biblical Laws?